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BIOMASS COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY (7) WOOD
LOWER CALORIFIC VALUE
The Lower Calorific Value corresponds to the energy freed by the biomass during the combustion process.
The Lower Calorific Value of a specific biomass can be calculated with the following formula:
LCV = [8.100 x C+34.000 (H-O/8)+2.500 S] x (1 - h)-269 h-316
Where:
- LCV: Lower Calorific Value in kcal/kg or MJ/kg
- C: Mass fraction of Carbon in the fuel (dry)
- H: Mass fraction of Hydrogen in the fuel (dry)
- S: Mass fraction of Sulphur in the fuel (dry)
- O: Mass fraction of Oxygen in the fuel (dry)
- H: Moisture content in the fuel %
With the supplementary condition that: C+H+S+O < 1
Some practical values of these data are indicated in the following tables.
Ultimate analysis of some biomass fuels (dry)
Fuel |
Carbon |
Hydrogen |
Nitrogen |
Sulphur |
Oxygen |
| Straw |
0.45-0.494 |
0.06 |
0.004-0.066 |
0.0012 |
0.43-0.442 |
| Wood without bark |
0.47 |
0.063 |
0.0016 |
0.0002 |
0.46 |
| Bark |
0.47 |
0.054 |
0.004 |
0.0006 |
0.4 |
| Wood with bark |
0.47 |
0.06 |
0.003 |
0.0002 |
0.44 |
| Oak wood |
0.494 |
0.063 |
00 |
00 |
0.445 |
| Pines wood |
0.499 |
0.063 |
00 |
00 |
0.438 |
| Triticale |
0.434 |
0.063 |
0.0131 |
0.0022 |
0.4779 |
| Miscanthus |
0.46 |
0.06 |
0.007 |
0.002 |
0.44 |
Moisture content of different types of solid wood fuels:
BioFuel |
Moisture content w% |
| Sofwood bark |
50-65 |
| Birch bark |
45-55 |
| Wood residue chips |
10-50 |
| Saw residue chips |
45-60 |
| Sawdust |
45-60 |
| Cutter chips |
5-15 |
| Grinding dust |
5-15 |
| Pellets |
10 |
Source: VTT Energy, Finland
You can introduce your own data in the following table:
LCV of some biofuels are indicated in the following table.
Heating value of different types of solid wood fuels:
Biofuel |
Net calorific value in dry matter MJ/kgi |
Net calorific value as received MJ/kg |
| Sofwood bark |
18,5-20 |
6-9 |
| Birch bark |
21-23 |
7-11 |
| Wood residue chips |
18,5-20 |
6-15 |
| Saw residue chips |
18,5-20 |
6-10 |
| Sawdust |
19-19,2 |
6-10 |
| Cutter chips |
19-19,2 |
13-16 |
| Grinding dust |
19-19,2 |
15-17 |
| Pellets |
19,2 |
16,8 |
Source: VTT Energy, Finland
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